Papers

r0:035d2ee6677504e68a7eb8820884a335-Sequence Feature Extraction for Malware Family Analysis via Graph Neural Network

Sequence Feature Extraction for Malware Family Analysis via Graph Neural Network

Malicious software (malware) causes much harm to our devices and life. We are eager to understand the malware behavior and the threat it made. Most of the record files of malware are variable length and text-based files with time stamps, such as event log data and dynamic analysis profiles. Using the time stamps, we can sort such data into sequence-based data for the following analysis. However, dealing with the text-based sequences with variable lengths is difficult. In addition, unlike natural language text data, most sequential data in information security have specific properties and structure, such as loop, repeated call, noise, etc. To deeply analyze the API call sequences with their structure, we use graphs to represent the sequences, which can further investigate the information and structure, such as the Markov model. Therefore, we design and implement an Attention Aware Graph Neural Network (AWGCN) to analyze the API call sequences. Through AWGCN, we can obtain the sequence embeddings to analyze the behavior of the malware. Moreover, the classification experiment result shows that AWGCN outperforms other classifiers in the call-like datasets, and the embedding can further improve the classic model’s performance.

R0:507c2e7fe07ef9a317eb4c7a51869fdc-Federated Learning: Issues in Medical Application

Federated Learning: Issues in Medical Application

In this presentation, the current issues to make federated learning flawlessly useful in the real world will be briefly overviewed. They are related to data/system heterogeneity, client management, traceability, and security. Also, we introduce the modularized federated learning framework, we currently develop, to experiment various techniques and protocols to find solutions for aforementioned issues. The framework will be open to public after development completes.

R0:884a5f6297216a3c5e883ae639b13721-Between words and characters: A Brief History of Open-Vocabulary Modeling and Tokenization in NLP

Between words and characters: A Brief History of Open-Vocabulary Modeling and Tokenization in NLP

In this survey, we connect several lines of work from the pre-neural and neural era, by showing how hybrid approaches of words and characters as well as subword-based approaches based on learned segmentation have been proposed and evaluated. We conclude that there is and likely will never be a silver bullet singular solution for all applications and that thinking seriously about tokenization remains important for many applications

R0:62a6aa3b4882ad9b194a4ae5c97b4d58-Ethics-based auditing of automated decision-making systems: intervention points and policy implications

Ethics-based auditing of automated decision-making systems: intervention points and policy implications

Organisations increasingly use automated decision-making systems (ADMS) to inform decisions that affect humans and their environment. While the use of ADMS can improve the accuracy and efficiency of decision-making processes, it is also coupled with ethical challenges. Unfortunately, the governance mechanisms currently used to oversee human decision-making often fail when applied to ADMS.

R0:a56672bf43097f7a50286448af70703b-Isaac Gym: High Performance GPU-Based Physics Simulation For Robot Learning

Isaac Gym: High Performance GPU-Based Physics Simulation For Robot Learning

Isaac Gym offers a high performance learning platform to train policies for wide variety of robotics tasks directly on GPU. Both physics simulation and the neural network policy training reside on GPU and communicate by directly passing data from physics buffers to PyTorch tensors without ever going through any CPU bottlenecks. This leads to blazing fast training times for complex robotics tasks on a single GPU with 2-3 orders of magnitude improvements compared to conventional RL training that uses a CPU based simulator and GPU for neural networks.

R0:a8fc240769ba4448b373719f7fbe640d-Do Vision Transformers See Like Convolutional Neural Networks?

Do Vision Transformers See Like Convolutional Neural Networks?

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have so far been the de-facto model for visual data. Recent work has shown that (Vision) Transformer models (ViT) can achieve comparable or even superior performance on image classification tasks. This raises a central question: how are Vision Transformers solving these tasks? Are they acting like convolutional networks, or learning entirely different visual representations? Analyzing the internal representation structure of ViTs and CNNs on image classification benchmarks, we find striking differences between the two architectures, such as ViT having more uniform representations across all layers. We explore how these differences arise, finding crucial roles played by self-attention, which enables early aggregation of global information, and ViT residual connections, which strongly propagate features from lower to higher layers.

R0:f70f5b9bc071317c0c1c9b1d7f122949-Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold

Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold

Underpinning the latest version of AlphaFold is a novel machine learning approach that incorporates physical and biological knowledge about protein structure, leveraging multi-sequence alignments, into the design of the deep learning algorithm.

R0:e3d9ea294a21c145042e5f31369de739-CARLA: A Python Library to Benchmark Algorithmic Recourse and Counterfactual Explanation Algorithms

CARLA: A Python Library to Benchmark Algorithmic Recourse and Counterfactual Explanation Algorithms

CARLA (Counterfactual And Recourse LibrAry), a python library for benchmarking counterfactual explanation methods across both different data sets and different machine learning models. In summary, our work provides the following contributions: (i) an extensive benchmark of 11 popular counterfactual explanation methods, (ii) a benchmarking framework for research on future counterfactual explanation methods, and (iii) a standardized set of integrated evaluation measures and data sets for transparent and extensive comparisons of these methods. We have open-sourced CARLA and our experimental results on Github, making them available as competitive baselines. We welcome contributions from other research groups and practitioners.