Machine Learning (Paper)

R0:a8fc240769ba4448b373719f7fbe640d-Do Vision Transformers See Like Convolutional Neural Networks?

Do Vision Transformers See Like Convolutional Neural Networks?

28 de August de 2021

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have so far been the de-facto model for visual data. Recent work has shown that (Vision) Transformer models (ViT) can achieve comparable or even superior performance on image classification tasks. This raises a central question: how are Vision Transformers solving these tasks? Are they acting like convolutional networks, or learning entirely different visual representations? Analyzing the internal representation structure of ViTs and CNNs on image classification benchmarks, we find striking differences between the two architectures, such as ViT having more uniform representations across all layers. We explore how these differences arise, finding crucial roles played by self-attention, which enables early aggregation of global information, and ViT residual connections, which strongly propagate features from lower to higher layers.

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R0:e3d9ea294a21c145042e5f31369de739-CARLA: A Python Library to Benchmark Algorithmic Recourse and Counterfactual Explanation Algorithms

CARLA: A Python Library to Benchmark Algorithmic Recourse and Counterfactual Explanation Algorithms

22 de August de 2021

CARLA (Counterfactual And Recourse LibrAry), a python library for benchmarking counterfactual explanation methods across both different data sets and different machine learning models. In summary, our work provides the following contributions: (i) an extensive benchmark of 11 popular counterfactual explanation methods, (ii) a benchmarking framework for research on future counterfactual explanation methods, and (iii) a standardized set of integrated evaluation measures and data sets for transparent and extensive comparisons of these methods. We have open-sourced CARLA and our experimental results on Github, making them available as competitive baselines. We welcome contributions from other research groups and practitioners.

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R0:5e6fade87218b43e4b8d96158080cc85-A Farewell to the Bias-Variance Tradeoff? An Overview of the Theory of Overparameterized Machine Learning

A Farewell to the Bias-Variance Tradeoff? An Overview of the Theory of Overparameterized Machine Learning

18 de September de 2021

This paper provides a succinct overview of this emerging theory of overparameterized ML (henceforth abbreviated as TOPML) that explains these recent findings through a statistical signal processing perspective. We emphasize the unique aspects that define the TOPML research area as a subfield of modern ML theory and outline interesting open questions that remain.

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R0:97532435b0393f0a6ae72973cc68382e-How to avoid machine learning pitfalls: a guide for academic researchers

How to avoid machine learning pitfalls: a guide for academic researchers

13 de August de 2021

This document gives a concise outline of some of the common mistakes that occur when using machine learning techniques, and what can be done to avoid them. It is intended primarily as a guide for research students, and focuses on issues that are of particular concern within academic research, such as the need to do rigorous comparisons and reach valid conclusions. It covers five stages of the machine learning process: what to do before model building, how to reliably build models, how to robustly evaluate models, how to compare models fairly, and how to report results

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Federated Quantum Machine Learning

Federated Quantum Machine Learning

31 de March de 2021

We present the federated training on hybrid quantum-classical machine learning models although our framework could be generalized to pure quantum machine learning model. Specifically, we consider the quantum neural network (QNN) coupled with classical pre-trained convolutional model.

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S++: A Fast and Deployable Secure-Computation Framework for Privacy-Preserving Neural Network Training

S++: A Fast and Deployable Secure-Computation Framework for Privacy-Preserving Neural Network Training

31 de January de 2021

We introduce S++, a simple, robust, and deployable framework for training a neural network (NN) using private data from multiple sources, using secret-shared secure function evaluation. In short, consider a virtual third party to whom every data-holder sends their inputs, and which computes the neural network: in our case, this virtual third party is actually a set of servers which individually learn nothing, even with a malicious (but non-colluding) adversary.

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R0:3d92323b5375746d21dcb172e8950adc-Explainability in Graph Neural Networks: A Taxonomic Survey

Explainability in Graph Neural Networks: A Taxonomic Survey

7 de January de 2021

We summarize current datasets and metrics for evaluating GNN explainability. Altogether, this work provides a unified methodological treatment of GNN explainability and a standardized testbed for evaluations.

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->Artificial intelligence towards data science

Probabilistic Machine Learning for Healthcare

9 de October de 2020

Machine learning can be used to make sense of healthcare data. Probabilistic machine learning models help provide a complete picture of observed data in healthcare. In this review, we examine how probabilistic machine learning can advance healthcare. We consider challenges in the predictive model building pipeline where probabilistic models can be beneficial including calibration and missing data. Beyond predictive models, we also investigate the utility of probabilistic machine learning models in phenotyping, in generative models for clinical use cases, and in reinforcement learning.

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